Sister Callista L. Roy - Adaptation Model of Nursing

 

SISTER CALLISTA L. ROY -  ADAPTATION MODEL OF NURSING

Sister Callista Roy, CSJ (born October 14, 1939) is an American nursing theorist, professor and author. She is known for creating the adaptation model of nursing. Roy was designated as a 2007 Living Legend by the American Academy of Nursing.

Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing was developed by Sister Callista Roy in 1976. The prominent nursing theory aims to explain or define the provision of nursing. In her theory, Roy’s model sees the individual as a set of interrelated systems who strives to maintain balance between these various stimuli.

The Adaptation Model of Nursing is a prominent nursing theory aiming to explain or define the provision of nursing science. In her theory, Sister Callista Roy’s model sees the individual as a set of interrelated systems who strives to maintain balance between various stimuli.

The Roy Adaptation Model was first presented in the literature in an article published in Nursing Outlook in 1970 entitled “Adaptation: A Conceptual Framework for Nursing.” In the same year, Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing was adapted in Mount St. Mary’s School in Los Angeles, California.

Roy’s model was conceived when nursing theorist Dorothy Johnson challenged her students during a seminar to develop conceptual models of nursing. Johnson’s nursing model was the impetus for the development of Roy’s Adaptation Model.

Roy’s model incorporated concepts from Adaptation-level Theory of Perception from renown American physiological psychologist Harry Helson, Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s System Model, and Anatol Rapoport’s system definition.

Adaptation is the “process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons as individuals or in groups use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration.”

Levels of Adaptation
Integrated Process

The various modes and subsystems meet the needs of the environment. These are usually stable processes (e.g., breathing, spiritual realization, successful relationship).
Compensatory Process

The cognator and regulator are challenged by the needs of the environment, but are working to meet the needs (e.g., grief, starting with a new job, compensatory breathing).
Compromised Process

The modes and subsystems are not adequately meeting the environmental challenge (e.g., hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships).

Six-Step Nursing Process

A nurse’s role in the Adaptation Model is to manipulate stimuli by removing, decreasing, increasing or altering stimuli so that the patient

1. Assess the behaviors manifested from the four adaptive modes.
2. Assess the stimuli, categorize them as focal, contextual, or residual.
3. Make a statement or nursing diagnosis of the person’s adaptive state.
4. Set a goal to promote adaptation.
5. Implement interventions aimed at managing the stimuli.
6. Evaluate whether the adaptive goal has been met.