DOROTHEA OREM - SELF CARE THEORY
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem (1914 – June 22, 2007), born in Baltimore, Maryland, was a nursing theorist and creator of the self-care deficit nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing.
Through these, the Self-Care Nursing Theory or the Orem Model of Nursing was developed by Dorothea Orem between 1959 and 2001. It is considered a grand nursing theory, which means the theory covers a broad scope with general concepts that can be applied to all instances of nursing.
The Self-Care or Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing is composed of three interrelated theories: (1) the theory of self-care, (2) the self-care deficit theory, and (3) the theory of nursing systems, which is further classified into wholly compensatory, partial compensatory and supportive-educative.
Theory of Self-care
This theory focuses on the performance or practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health and well-being.
Self-care Requisites
Self-care Requisites or requirements can be defined as actions directed toward the provision of self-care. It is presented in three categories:
Universal self-care requisites
Universal self-care requisites are associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning.
The maintenance of a sufficient intake of air
The maintenance of a sufficient intake of water
The maintenance of a sufficient intake of food
The provision of care associated with elimination process and excrements
The maintenance of a balance between activity and rest
The maintenance of a balance between solitude and social interaction
The prevention of hazards to human life, human functioning, and human well-being
The promotion of human functioning and development within social groups in accord with human potential, known human limitations, and the human desire to be normal
This theory focuses on the performance or practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health and well-being.
Self-care Requisites
Self-care Requisites or requirements can be defined as actions directed toward the provision of self-care. It is presented in three categories:
Universal self-care requisites
Universal self-care requisites are associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning.
The maintenance of a sufficient intake of air
The maintenance of a sufficient intake of water
The maintenance of a sufficient intake of food
The provision of care associated with elimination process and excrements
The maintenance of a balance between activity and rest
The maintenance of a balance between solitude and social interaction
The prevention of hazards to human life, human functioning, and human well-being
The promotion of human functioning and development within social groups in accord with human potential, known human limitations, and the human desire to be normal
Theory of Self-care Deficit
This theory delineates when nursing is needed. Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent or guardian) is incapable of or limited in the provision of continuous effective self-care. Orem identified 5 methods of helping:
Acting for and doing for others
Guiding others
Supporting another
Providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet future demands
Teaching another
This theory delineates when nursing is needed. Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent or guardian) is incapable of or limited in the provision of continuous effective self-care. Orem identified 5 methods of helping:
Acting for and doing for others
Guiding others
Supporting another
Providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet future demands
Teaching another
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